HLA-C and neoplasm: Besides tackling the challenges of shared antigen expression (35–37, 211), downregulation of MHC molecules (212–214) and impaired trafficking (39), the field is continuously branching out, for instance, towards aiming to restore the immunogenicity of immunologically ‘cold’ tumors, via various approached including epigenetic modulation (215, 216), tumor vaccination strategies (179) or by incorporating bacterial virulence factors to attract bystander immune cells (217).