HSPD1 and bacterial vaginosis: manifest diverse characteristics such as virulent factors, adherent abilities, antibiotics resistance, etc. Although lacking explicit conclusions, studies based on cohorts from other regions and ethnicities, utilizing the concept of “Gardnerella clades” based on cpn60 sequencing reported that different structures of the Gardnerella clades are related to BV, as certain genomospecies being more abundant or positive in BV patients, while others are not (Numanović et al., 2008; Vodstrcil et al., 2017).