Hence, the risk of diabetic nephropathy would increase by 19% with per SD increase of cystatin C. Cochran’s Q test of cystatin C indicates that there is evidence of heterogeneity (IVW p<0.05), while no indication of pleiotropy in MR-Egger (p for intercept>0.05) (Table S7). Here, CST3 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.