ERN1 and helminthiasis: Among the ER stress response-related dysregulated genes, the two most important members of the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway (ERN1 and XBP1) were upregulated in the lymph node samples (Hetz and Papa, 2018) and a co-expression module enriched in ER stress response genes was correlated with both helminth infection and paratuberculosis.