KEAP1 and primary biliary cholangitis: Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease regardless of the cause of liver damage.[3–7] Furthermore, in patients with PBC, a mechanism that impairs antioxidant activity via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway was reported.[8] However, it is unknown whether activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway improves PBC pathology.