NMU overexpression in HT29 cells induced or increased the secretion of tumour supporting cytokines (CXCL1/GROa, CXCL10/IP-10 and ICAM-1/CD54, CCL-5/RANTES, IL-8 and IL-1ra) (Additional file 2: Fig. S6). Here, CXCL8 is linked to neoplasm.