Compared to the normal fibromuscular stroma, PCa-associated reactive stroma is characterised by an increased proportion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, showing increased expression of vimentin, alpha-SMA, FAP, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) and desmin [3, 12, 29, 30], counterbalanced by the loss of differentiated SMCs and by ECM remodelling, e.g. increased production of tenascin and collagen type I [12, 29, 31]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A4 and posterior cortical atrophy.