On analysis of respiratory samples from never infected infants (controls) compared to pre-infected neonates (preterm infants who went on to develop RVI) we observed several differences in immune response cytokines and other molecules (including filaggrin, MIP-1 [α/β] and MCP-1), as well as in the expression and location of filaggrin in NPAs, that may indicate a barrier-immune deconfiguration predisposing certain individuals to future infection. This evidence concerns the gene FLG and infection.