Other markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1)18,19 have been involved in BPD pathophysiology and were described as predictive markers of abnormal development of the lung blood-air barrier, possibly promoting viral infections of the lung in NICUs20. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.