To explore the expression of 13 chemokines in TME, HNSCC single-cell RNA-Seq data [15] were used to identify the major cell types contributing to the TLSs signature, which was composed of CD8/CD4 T cells, NK, B cells, monocyte, macrophage, dendritic, fibroblasts and endothelial (Supplementary Fig. 3A, B). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.