These multiple regulatory pathways could be engaged during NAIP/NLRC4 activation in biological processes beyond bacterial infection, such as mucosal candidiasis [7], brain inflammation [15, 16], acute inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan [12], hypertonic conditions [11], retinal degeneration [13], and obesity-related tumorigenesis [58]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRC4 and bacterial infectious disease.