Most RCTs that have investigated the effectiveness of first-line anti–PD-1–based regimens in advanced ESCC focused mainly on the overall randomly assigned sample and PD-L1–positive (CPS ≥10 or TPS ≥1%) subgroup, without reporting the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves for patients with low PD-L1 expression (CPS <10 or TPS <1%). Here, CD274 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.