ACTA1 and neoplasm: While depletion of FAP+ CAFs from the tumour stroma led to tumour regression and improved survival in mouse models of breast and colon cancers [30, 31], targeting αSMA+ fibroblasts or the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling in CAFs to reduce the fibrotic tissue around the tumour, also known as desmoplasia, resulted in accelerated tumour growth in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) [32, 33].