ITGAE and asthma: OM-85 administration (1 mg/treatment every 2 to 3 days, 14 times total), suppressed allergic asthma in different strains of mice, sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin or Alternaria. Among the multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune response targeted by OM-85 in that asthma study, preeminent was the epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis that is known to initiate type 2 inflammation in the airway mucosa also in RSV infection (78), and the CD103+CDs, whose Myd88/ Trif-dependent tolerogenic reprogramming was sufficient to transfer OM-85-induced asthma protection (41).