CTNNB1 and cancer: Aflatoxin B1, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, hepatotoxic chemical agents, and host co-factors such as elevated serum androgen levels, genetic polymorphisms, and DNA repair enzymes may all be linked to the progressive accumulation of a number of genomic aberrations within the hepatocytes, with TP53 and CTNNB1 being two well-known cancer drivers (Fujikawa et al., 2001; Ichikawa et al., 2008; Attari et al., 2019).