Moreover, levels of circulating VEGF and Ang-2 have also been found to be elevated in CLS (26), and higher levels of the endothelial-damage biomarkers ICAM-1, VCAM-1, eNOS (49), and Ang-2 have been described in patients with IPS/DAH (143, 144). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and capillary leak syndrome.