To further investigate the release of IL‐36γ in infected pleural effusions, we compared with plural fluid IL‐36γ levels in patients with TPE, UPPE, and CPPE/empyema (Figure 1B), the results revealed that the level of IL‐36γ in TPE group (n = 30) was statistically higher than those in UPPE group (n = 23), [818.5 (569.0, 1157.0) pg/ml vs. 336.0 (187.5, 569.0) pg/ml, p < 0.001], the level of IL‐36γ in CPPE/empyema was statistically higher than those in UPPE, [2959.0 (2902.0, 3494.0) pg/ml vs. 336.0 (187.5, 569.0) pg/ml, p < 0.0001]. Here, IL36G is linked to empyema.