We assessed the effectiveness of pleural fluid IL‐36γ in differentiating IPE (PPE and TPE) from NIPE (MPE and transudate), TPE from UPPE, and UPPE from CPPE/empyema by using ROC curves (Figure 3), and the AUCs were 0.904 (p = 0.0278), 0.904 (p < 0.0001), and 1 (p = 0.0001), respectively. Here, IL36G is linked to empyema.