MAPK3 and melanoma: In contrast, many researchers reported that pBRAF, detected in the melanoma with acquired resistant to BRAF inhibitors, is caused by paradoxically activation of upstream RTK or RAS through ERK1/2 feedback mechanism, suggesting new strategies for UC chemotherapy (Nazarian et al. 2010; Little et al. 2011; Prahallad et al. 2012; Holderfield et al. 2013).