Noteworthily, CHCHD2 overexpression was found to induce OPN (encoded by gene secreted phosphoprotein 1, Spp1) expression in hepatocytes and mouse liver (Figure 6, B and C), whereas CHCHD2 knockdown decreased the OPN levels in NASH mouse liver (Figure 6D). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.