The discovery that mutations in the kinase domain of HER2 can be detected in ~4% of patients with NSCLC62 sparked scientific and clinical interest in targeting HER2 in lung cancer, because HER2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab) had previously been demonstrated to be ineffective in patients with amplification and/or overexpression63. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is lung carcinoma.