Recent studies on a highly potent and specific inhibitor of TLR8 (TH1027) and its X-ray crystal structure in complex with TLR8 demonstrated that it can prevent TLR8 from activation and therefore suppress TLR8-mediated inflammatory responses in human monocyte cell lines, PBMCs, and rheumatoid arthritis patient specimens, implying a strong therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases [22]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR8 and rheumatoid arthritis.