FIS1 depletion resulted in long mitochondrial extensions projecting out from the nucleus, and increased cell size/volume (Figure 7b), as has been noted previously for primary human fibroblasts, human neuroblastoma M17 cells, and monkey fibroblasts.40,45–48 EPEC infection resulted in minimal LC3 recruitment to the mitochondria in both Scramble shRNA- and FIS1 shRNA-transfected cells (Figure 7c). The gene discussed is FIS1; the disease is neuroblastoma.