Brucella infection leads to the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (53, 54), mitochondrial fragmentation (55), and decreased mitochondrial metabolism (2), while IRE1α activation leads to increased mitochondrial ROS during infection with an attenuated B. abortus strain (53) or multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (29). This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and infection.