LIPT1 and lipoic acid synthetase deficiency: Similarly, loss of the lipoyl-transferases LIPT1 and LIPT2 impairs the attachment of lipoic acid to downstream dehydrogenases, resulting in equitable pathologic outcomes to PDHLD in lipoyl-transferase 1 and 2 deficiency (LIPT1D, MIM #616299) (LIPT2D, MIM #617668) [165].