In conclusion, the present study has shown that YX-2102, a novel CB2R activator, alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, probably by inhibiting inflammation during the early stage of PF, as well as by suppressing TGF-β1-induced EMT in a CB2R-dependent manner by enhancing Nrf2-mediated Smad7 elevation (Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and pulmonary fibrosis.