Third, we have explored the role of astrocytic reactivity and relationship with α-synuclein (syn-1) in PD(D) and DLB brains; however, further analysis of other neuroinflammatory markers in relation to various protein aggregates within the insula would provide more comprehensive knowledge on the precise role of inflammation in the insula and its contribution to disease progression. This evidence concerns the gene SYN1 and Parkinson disease.