This finding is in agreement with a previous study, which demonstrated that TWIST1 expression upregulates expression of mesenchymal genes, including vimentin, fibronectin, ZEB2, and N-cadherin in ESCC cell lines, but has no effect on the epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and occludin. This evidence concerns the gene CDH2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.