When we probed gene expression within the inflammasome pathway, whose activation is a contributing factor in the initial progression of NAFLD (41), we found that all genes (App, Bcl2, Nfkb1, Nfkb2, and Rela) were significantly upregulated in HFHC-fed Dpp4–/– mice (Figure 5D). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.