PDCD1 and melanoma: In 2014, pembrolizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, was approved for treatment of advanced melanoma after showing superior progression-free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival and less high-grade toxicity in comparison with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg every 3 wk for 4 total doses) in the randomized phase 3 trial KEYNOTE 006.27,28 Updated results after 5 years of follow-up showed a median overall survival of 32.7 months in the pembrolizumab groups and 15.9 months in the ipilimumab group (HR, 0.73 [P < .001)].27,28