ATF3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Previous reports have indicated that ATF3 plays a protective role in the progression of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through inhibition of liver inflammation, hepatocellular apoptosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, and fibrosis (Table 1).