ATF3 can also transcriptionally repress adiponectin receptor-2 (AdipoR2) gene expression by directly binding to the 5′ flanking promoter region of AdipoR2 and thus interfere with the protective effect of adiponectin on obesity-related insulin resistance (Koh et al., 2010). The gene discussed is ADIPOR2; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.