That Wnt5A signaling facilitates the survival of these commensals was further corroborated by the observed attenuation in bacterial CFU through application of inhibitors of the Wnt5A signaling intermediates Disheveled (Dsh) (31, 32) and Rac1 (33, 34) and anti-Frizzled5 antiserum (35) to the Wnt5A-activated bacteria harboring RAW264.7 cells, which were left to incubate for 3 (T3) or 6 (T6) h following infection. The gene discussed is ADAR; the disease is infection.