Another genus depleted in UC (OR > 1) is Akkermansia, which was shown to improve colitis with a reduction in infiltrating macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the colon via its outer membrane protein (30) and was shown to modulate immunological homeostasis by inducing IgG production and antigen-specific T cell response (31). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and colitis.