EGFR and urinary bladder neoplasm: Given that EGFR is not significantly overexpressed in bladder tumors (Fig. 1c) and that cisplatin can induce EGFR activation in various cell types that overexpress the receptor [15], we considered the possibility that cisplatin could induce EGFR activation, leading to upregulation of the proposed ProT-NF-κB-HOTAIR signaling axis and thereby resulting in increases in cachexia-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine production.