High prevalence of PAH is observed in ESRD patients undergoing chronic HD or conservative treatment, and PAH in these patients is associated with enlarged left atrium, elevated thromboxane B2 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and abnormal left ventricular diastolic diameter [8–13]. Here, NPPB is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.