Fifth, again regarding the relatively low levels of eCIRP in the blood and peritoneal fluid under septic conditions, it is highly possible that a significant portion of eCIRP may be bound to its cell-surface receptors (i.e., TLR4, TREM-1, and IL-6R), as these receptors are highly expressed in immune and other cells during sepsis. Here, TREM1 is linked to Sepsis.