Confirming our dose range experiments, X203 reduced AKI-induced loss of kidney mass, limited renal fibrosis, and improved renal function while lowering inflammatory (Tnfα, Il6, Ccl2, Ccl5, Il1β), fibrosis (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Fn1, Acta2) and tubular damage (Kim1, Ngal) markers (Fig. 3e; Supplementary Fig. 4a–f). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and acute kidney injury.