Indeed, using retrospective time-of-day analyses of a tumour vaccination trial including 10 HLA-A2+ patients with advanced malignant melanoma20, we observed that time-of-day-dependent differences in vaccine administration result in increased Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells in the patients’ blood, when vaccinations were performed in the morning compared with during the afternoon (Fig. 5j). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.