CALCA and asthma: The only previously defined targets of PNEC signals are a subpopulation of immune cells (IL5 lineage-positive) proposed to be attracted to PNECs by secreted CGRP in a mouse model of asthma (Sui et al., 2018), and goblet cells, which are increased in macaque and mouse models of inflammation through neurotransmitter GABA from PNECs (Barrios et al., 2019; Sui et al., 2018).