Thus, combined with studies showing BBB impairment in a PFBC patient and Pdgfrb/Pdgfb-deficient mice [18, 89, 91], increased levels of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ in PFBC patients might be associated with increased BBB permeability leading to blood leakage. Here, PDGFB is linked to bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis.