CASR and colitis: These findings were corroborated by subsequent studies where CaSR stimulation with either poly-L-lysine, glutamyl dipeptides, or l-amino acids reduced inflammation in vitro, i.e., in TNF-α challenged colorectal cancer cell lines Caco2 and HT29, and in vivo both in DSS-induced colitis mouse models (Mine and Zhang, 2015a; Mine and Zhang, 2015b; Zhang et al., 2015) and in LPS-challenged piglets (Liu et al., 2018).