H&E and WGA staining indicated that Ang II promoted cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increases in heart size, the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio, the cross-sectional area of myocytes, and the mRNA levels of ANF, BNP and MYH7, while these effects were dose-dependently inhibited by anti-VCAM-1 (Figures 2D–F). Here, NPPB is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.