VCAM1 and myocardial infarction: For example, transplanted cardiac progenitor cells that express VCAM-1 can activate the AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and consequently prevent oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte death, eventually attenuating cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction (Matsuura et al., 2009; Troncoso et al., 2021).