TNF and ulcer disease: An ethanol-induced gastric model was used to explore the beneficial effect of bergapten through variety of mechanisms that stimulates ulcers including free radicals OH−, NO production, mucus exhaustion, mucosal damage, release of superoxide anion, which ultimately prolonged the tissue oxidative stress and release of inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, PGE2, and IL-8 (Wallace and Chin, 1997; Ansari et al., 2021).