The pathways related to the anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma effect of icaritin mainly involved prostate cancer, breast cancer, and other cancer signaling pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, cell senescence, and apoptosis (Figure 4B). Here, HIF1A is linked to cancer.