Studies have shown that Nrf2 activation reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKK/IκB and nuclear translocation of the p65NF-κB subunit and mitigates inflammation and oxidative damage in ALI (Tang et al., 2021a). Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.