INS and acute pancreatitis: The results showed that SGLT-2i combined with DPP-4i, GLP-1RA, metformin, insulin, glinide, ACEI and PPI showed an increased risk of acute pancreatitis (adjusted OR 1.39, 1.97, 1.29, 1.21, 2.55, 1.34, and 1.32, respectively).