In addition, the KEYNOTE-189 (non-squamous NSCLC) and the KEYNOTE-407 (squamous NSCLC) trials showed that the addition of anti-PD-1 to a platinum-doublet chemotherapy improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.70 and [HR], 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49−0.85, respectively) and PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.58 and [HR], 0.56; 95% CI: 0.45−0.70, respectively) compared to chemotherapy alone regardless of PD-L1 expression (29, 30). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.