Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab), anti-PD-L1 (durvalumab, atezolizumab) and anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab [IPI]) were shown to significantly improve survival in melanoma and other cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancers (merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma), lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.