The phase 3 trial KEYNOTE-024 showed improved OS (median OS, 30 months versus 14.2 months) and PFS (median PFS, 10.3 months versus 6 months) in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line anti-PD-1 monotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with tumors with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 50% or greater (27, 28). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.