In line, macromolecule trafficking is also disturbed by ER stress in IBD, characterized by increased expression of ER stress proteins (immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), transcription factor activation protein 4 (ATF4), and X-box binding protein (XBP1)) (64, 65). The gene discussed is DDIT3; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.