The innate immune system engages in a series of PRRS to detect “danger” signals, such as PAMPs or DAMPs, to defend against infection or injury. NLR recognizes many PAMPs as well as various DAMPs to activate the assembly of inflammasomes that trigger the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is infection.