ALB and Hypoalbuminemia: Further analysis found that probiotic supplementation also sharply increased serum total protein (57.87 ± 7.05 vs. 61.26 ± 6.69; P < 0.05; Figure 3I) and albumin (32.21 ± 3.07 vs. 34.04 ± 3.56; P < 0.01; Figure 3J) levels, and alleviated postoperative hypoalbuminemia.