TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Several pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor (TGFβ) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are overexpressed in HCC patients (16).