HSPA5 and diabetes mellitus: Increased levels of BiP have been found in several pathological conditions such as liver disease (14), metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis (15, 16), cardiovascular diseases (17), diabetes (18), cancer (19, 20), acute lung injury (ALI) (21), autoimmune disorders (22, 23), different forms of subclinical inflammation (24, 25), aging (26) and neurodegenerative diseases (27).